Exploring student development theory in enhancing learning. The primary focus of supervision is on the supervisees development of selfawareness of these dynamics and how. Sergiovanni believes that competence and virtue should be the main sources of authority, and should be supplemented. The medium of learning in supervision is reflection, hopefully critical reflection carroll, 2009a.
Current approaches within an historical context what follows is a brief history of clinical supervision. Early models of supervision had their focus situated around theories in counselling, such as adlerian, personcentred and cognitive behavioural therapies. Burt, isaac, is an assistant professor at florida international university. From nature to culture mingsum tsui the hong kong polytechnic university this study examines the format, purpose, relationship, use of authority, and ideal of social work supervision in the cultural context of hong kong. Obviously, both the fields of teaching and supervision require further intensive study. This kind of good supervision will result in an increased desire to work. Theoretical perspectives of educational supervision international. The theory and practice of supervision came about as a result of the training of counsellors by qualified counsellors bernard and goodyear, 2009. To provide a framework for planning, conducting, and evaluating ones supervision work. To this end, our managers must also become effective supervisors. It will also discuss the purpose and functions of supervision as articulated in a number of existing definitions.
A critical analysis jeanne marie hughes, ba early childhood studies, msw abstract this research explores the role of supervision in social work practice. An overview models of clinical supervision by george r. Clinical supervision needs the full support of agency administrators. The focus is primarily on the supervisee s development, but sometimes to the exclusion of the clients wellbeing. The supervision literature calls for theories of super. Robert e shutes, needed a theory of teacher education, texas tech journal of. The primary focus of supervision is on the supervisees development of selfawareness of these dynamics and how they affect therapy. In a grounded theory study, professional counselors with 5 to 20 years of experience identified mutuality as a core dimension when asked what made for good supervision holloway, 1998. Attachment theory has established itself as applicable to many types of relationships. Supervision is a process focusing on the intrapersonal and interpersonal dynamics in the supervisees relationship with clients, supervisors, colleagues, and others. The supervisor is responsible for monitoring the mental health of their supervisee, in turn protecting the public from unhealthy counsellors.
Clinical supervision involves the activities and interactions designed to improve clinical knowledge and skills related to the application of counseling theory and techniques. Lambie, tracy hutchinson, and jacqueline thurstondyer university of mississippi, university, mississippi, usa in this article, counselor development and supervision is intro. Supervision models play an important role in navigating the course of learning about and becoming a licensed counselor. A brief summary of supervision models gallaudet university. Perceptions of preservice field supervision wanda t may, university of north carolina, charlotte nancy l. Informed by six overarching learning theories behaviorist, cognitive, constructivism, critical pedagogy, personcentered, and experiential, we propose a supervision guide that can be used to guide. Supervision is a major practice area garfield and kurtz 1976 practicing clinical psychologists supervision was fifth most common activity norcross, prochaska, and gallager 1993 members of apa division 29 psychotherapy supervision was second most common activity. Pdf the purposes of this study were i to investigate the significance of theoretical orientation amongst supervisee counselling trainee and ii. The findings of the study may be of help to other researchers who may like to pursue further research on the effect of educational supervision.
Clinical supervision is a skill that has to be developed. Knowledge of supervision models is considered fundamental to ethical supervision practice. Managers employ different supervision models and theories to maximize the productivity and efficiency of their work teams. Supervision is a major practice area garfield and kurtz 1976 practicing clinical psychologists supervision was fifth most common activity norcross, prochaska, and gallager 1993 members of apa division 29 psychotherapy supervision was. A minimum of one hour per week of facetoface supervision is required with agencyassigned field instructor who has a msw or bsw degree. Theories, models and perspectives cheat sheet for field instructors. Good supervision, must include personal trust, respect and confidence between employees and supervisors. A study to measure whether theory matching has an influence on the outcomes of the supervision is a potential research that will benefit counselling supervision. In this way, supervision follows the framework and techniques of the specific psychotherapy theory model being practiced by the supervisor and supervisee. His research interests entail culturally sensitive treatments for youth, redefining anger management, and relationship satisfaction. Liddick clinical supervision is the construction of individualized learning plans for supervisees working with clients. Educational supervision has historically sought to improve the quality of teaching.
The supervisory relationship is the crucible in which ethical practice is developed and reinforced. Glanz and neville 1997 edited educational supervision. Rowe stands for results only work environment and was cocreated by jody thompson and cali ressler. Apr 11, 2011 ultimately, clinical supervision is a process of individualised learning for supervisees working with clients.
Pdf practitioner stories have been recognised as a valuable insight into practice as well as a means by which practice can inform theory. Cognitive models similar to behavioral, but with cognitive twist challenge cognitive errors and misperceptions liese and beck 1997 on beliefs that can reduce supervisors effectiveness. Supervision defined nsupervision is instructional leadership that relates perspectives to behavior, clarifies purposes, contributes to and supports organizational actions, coordinates interactions, provides for maintenance and improvement of the instructional program, and assesses goal achievements. As explained above, clinical supervision started as the practice of observing, assisting, and receiving feedback. The systematic manner in which supervision is applied is. To provide a common language for supervisors and supervisees that can facilitate their communication of expectations, responsibilities, and goals for supervision.
As noted above, psychodynamic supervision draws on the clinical data inherent to that theoretical orientation e. Group supervision lends itself well to sharing ideas and providing support. Developmental theories of supervision are based on the change process of the supervisee over time. The more support you provide, the more you focus on the needs and interests of the people who are getting things done. As the need for specific supervisory interventions. Aipc article library theories and models of supervision. The potential of supervision in bringing improvement in classroom practices and student success through the. Erik eriksons psychosocial stages applied to supervision. Scholars have emphasized the educational nature of clinical supervision. A psychoanalytic orientation to supervision encourages the supervisee to be open to the experience of supervision that aims to mirror therapy whereby the supervisee learns from the supervisor the analytic attitude that includes such attributes as patience, trust in the process, interest in the client. Pdf models of supervision in education tunde g shodiya.
There are three models and theories on supervision that have become widely popular. Supervision is a process which aims to support, assure and develop the knowledge, skills and values of the person being supervised supervisee, 10throughout the learning resource supervision is referred to, and understood, as a process not an event. My supervision theory allows me to exploit both types of environments to their full advantage. Administrative supervision varies by setting and includes activities and interactions that impact the quality of counseling or clinical services delivered. In this way, supervision follows the framework and techniques of the specific psychotherapy theorymodel being practiced by the supervisor and supervisee. Supervision essentials for a systems approach to supervision. The rowe management style is less a supervision theory and more of a model. Social cognitive theory as an effective clinical supervision approach. Counselling the theory and practice of supervision free essay. This summary is designed to acquaint supervisors with techniques for enhancing the counseling behavior of their supervisees while also considering individual. It is not allinclusive, but touches on the developmental highlights. Clinical supervision for mental health professionals started out much like apprenticeships in other fields. Theoretical perspective implies the underlying ideas contributing in the formation of a concept or a phenomenon. Exploring student development theory in enhancing learning through supervision norhasni zainal abiddin department of professional development and continuing education, faculty of educational studies, universiti putra, malaysia email.
Ultimately, clinical supervision is a process of individualised learning for supervisees working with clients. The historical context of modern concept of supervision new. In the cognitive model of supervision it is assumed that the supervisee will affect the client. Many in the field have called for various models that can bridge the. Clinical supervision most often requires balancing administrative and. Sergiovanni believes that competence and virtue should be the main sources of authority, and should be supplemented by bureaucratic, psychological and technicalrational aspects. Harris 1963 perceived supervision as what school personnel does with adults and things for the purpose of maintaining or changing the operations of the school in order to directly influence the attainment of the major instructional goals of the school. The systematic manner in which this individualised learning or supervision is applied is usually contained and presented in the form of a model.
Many scholars in the field of supervision have given different models of supervision, but there is no evidence to support that any one model of supervision is superior to other. Strategies and methods of effective supervision gordon m. Supervision essentials for psychodynamic psychotherapies. Zimpher, the ohio state university in the face of massive criticism about the teacher preparation enterprise. Therefore, the finding may also measure either the theory matching can influence the outcomes of supervision. Supervision defined nsupervision is instructional leadership that relates perspectives to behavior, clarifies purposes, contributes to and supports organizational actions, coordinates interactions, provides for maintenance and improvement of the instructional. Social cognitive theory as an effective clinical supervision.
It incorporates an analysis of the supervisory relationship between supervisor and supervisee and how this contributes to the supervision process. That is, astudentapprentice with minimal skillknowledge would learn the work by observing, assisting, and receiving. Clinical supervision and professional development continuing. Theories of clinical supervision compatibility mode. This book is a text for undergraduate and graduate students who are engaged in the study of issues in educational supervision. Hart a variety of strategies and methods are available to supervisors for use with counselors whom they supervise. In a time of budgetary constraints, the air force recognizes the importance of effective supervision in tapping our great human potential. Clinical supervision most often requires balancing administrative and clinical supervision tasks. Zimpher, the ohio state university in the face of massive. No single theory or model is inherently better than another. The integration of reflectivity in developmental supervision.
Ebscohost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including erik eriksons psychosocial stages applied to supervision. However, the supervision field is lacking protocols to guide novice supervisors in their early sessions with supervisees. We do believe, however, that enough knowledge is now available for supervision to begin to take some long strides in making this one. The more direction you provide, the more structure and hands on supervision you do. The systematic manner in which supervision is applied is called a model. Supervision is getting the job done through others. Supervision theory barbara lofriscos teaching portfolio. The work of supervisors, the theory of supervision, and the im provement of the supervisory processes represent major areas of concern and interest in the.
Theory a general statement about the real world whose essential truth can be. Instead of paying employees for the amount of hours they work, they are paid for the work that they complete. Theories, models and perspectives cheat sheet for field. Doctor of philosophy clinical psychology, august 2015, 69 pp. This chapter provides an orientation to the landscape of supervision by providing an overview of its historical development within the counselling and psychotherapy tradition. Therefore, model of supervision helped to adequately explore different ways in which supervision can be done in schools by supervisors, teachers being. Perspectives, issues, and controversies, and a number of scholars within the field contributed to my edited book, standards for. Theories of clinical supervision karachi, pakistan. They differentiated such models of supervision from models that were developed speci.
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